Arabic gum
Synonyms:
Gum arabic (Acacia senegal), gum arabic (Acacia seyal), Acacia gum, arabic gum, INS No. 414
Definition:
Gum arabic is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia senegal (L.) Willdenow or Acacia seyal (fam. Leguminosae). Gum arabic consists mainly of high-molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium, magnesium and potassium salts, which on hydrolysis yield arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid. Items of commerce may contain extraneous materials such as sand and pieces of bark, which must be removed before use in food.
Description:
Gum arabic is a pale white to orange-brown solid, which breaks with a glassy fracture. The best grades are in the form of whole, spheroidal tears of varying size with a matt surface texture. When ground, the pieces are paler and have a glassy appearance. Gum arabic is more brittle than the hard tears of gum Arabic. Gum arabic is also available commercially in the form of white to yellowish-white flakes, granules, powder, roller dried, or spray-dried material.
Solubility:
One gram dissolves in 2 ml of water; insoluble in ethanol
Loss on drying:
Not more than 15% (105º, 5 h) for granular and not more than 10% (105º, 4 h) for spray dried material. Unground samples should be powdered to pass through a No. 40 sieve and mixed well before weighing
Total ash:
Not more than 4%
Acid-insoluble ash:
Not more than 0.5%
Acid-insoluble matter:
Not more than 1.0%
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CMC
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